Does God Exist?

This monograph presents a systematic defense of theistic belief through careful philosophical analysis of traditional arguments for God's existence. Moreland employs the tools of contemporary analytic philosophy to reformulate and defend four classical argument families, positioning his work as both a response to modern atheistic critiques and a constructive contribution to natural theology.

The work begins with cosmological reasoning, where Moreland develops a version of the kalam cosmological argument, emphasizing the philosophical impossibility of an actual infinite and the necessity of a transcendent cause for the universe's beginning. His treatment engages with both scientific cosmology and metaphysical analysis, responding particularly to objections raised by philosophers such as Quentin Smith and Graham Oppy. The argument moves beyond mere first cause reasoning to establish divine attributes through conceptual analysis.

Moreland's treatment of design arguments incorporates both traditional teleological reasoning and contemporary fine-tuning arguments. He examines the anthropic constants and the initial conditions of the universe, arguing that theistic explanation provides superior explanatory power compared to naturalistic alternatives such as necessity or multiple universe hypotheses. His analysis addresses objections from evolutionary biology while maintaining that biological complexity points toward intelligent causation.

The moral argument receives substantial development, with Moreland arguing that objective moral values and duties require a transcendent foundation. He critiques naturalistic attempts to ground morality in evolution or social convention, contending that only a personal, morally perfect being can adequately explain moral phenomena. This section engages extensively with moral anti-realists and evolutionary ethicists.

Religious experience forms the final major argumentative thread, where Moreland defends the evidential value of religious experiences against charges of subjectivity and cultural conditioning. He develops criteria for distinguishing veridical from non-veridical religious experiences and argues for their cumulative evidential force.

Throughout, Moreland's methodology reflects the Christian analytic tradition's commitment to rigorous argumentation while remaining accessible to educated non-specialists. His work stands as a significant contemporary restatement of classical theistic arguments, notable for its engagement with current philosophical literature and its systematic integration of multiple argumentative strategies. The monograph functions both as an introduction to theistic arguments for students and as a substantive contribution to ongoing philosophical debates about God's existence.